The output /dev/sda: data means that /dev/sda does not contain a recognizable file system or partition table. This suggests one of the following:

1. The disk is raw: It was never formatted or partitioned.
2. The disk may have been corrupted: The file system or partition table could be missing or damaged.

Here’s how to proceed based on your scenario:

1. Check for Partitions Again

Run the following to see if any partitions exist on the disk:

lsblk

Check if there’s any partition like /dev/sda1. If no partitions are listed, your disk is likely unpartitioned.

2. Check if LVM Is in Use

Sometimes the disk might be managed by Logical Volume Management (LVM). Run:

sudo lvdisplay

This will list any logical volumes if LVM is in use. If LVM volumes are listed, you’ll need to resize the logical volume, as mentioned earlier.

3. If No Partitions Exist (Create a New Partition and File System)

If there are no partitions and the disk is raw, you need to create a partition and format the disk.

Steps to Partition and Format the Disk:

1. Create a Partition Table You can use fdisk or parted to create a new partition table.Using fdisk:
   sudo fdisk /dev/sda
   • Type n to create a new partition.
   • Type p for primary partition.
   • Accept the default values for the start and end (to use the entire disk).
   • Type w to write the changes and exit.
2. Format the Partition After creating the partition (e.g., /dev/sda1), format it with a file system. For example, to format it as ext4: sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
3. Mount the Partition Create a mount point and mount the new partition: sudo mkdir /mnt/newdisk sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/newdisk
4. Resize the File System (if needed) If you’re trying to expand an existing file system (and found a valid partition), you should resize it after these steps: sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1

4. If LVM Is Used (Expand the LVM volume)

If you discover that the disk is managed by LVM, you’ll need to expand the physical volume and logical volume, as outlined in my previous steps.